|
Eurostat Web Site of Eurostat Voice: +352 43011 |
Spain
Livestock surveys
The methodology of livestock surveys which is described in this chapter is valid in Spain since the accession to the EU (1986).
Surveys on the number of pigs
Spain carries out three pig surveys per annum, in April, August and December. These surveys record only the pig population.
The surveys are sample surveys, with average sample survey errors which lie within the limits set down in the legal provisions of the European Union. The last full survey took place in 1986; however, the population continued to be recorded in the agricultural censuses and the structural surveys. At present, a livestock census with a reporting period of December 1996 has been completed. This livestock census is carried out independently of agricultural censuses and structural surveys. The sample surveys involve between 25 % and 30 % of the total pig population. The surveys cover 7.000 holdings, representing 7.5 % of the total.
The agricultural census is used to draw up the list of all pig keepers, and this list is supplemented annually with information from administrative sources. This list provides the sample frame, on the basis of which the sample is drawn, from which the holdings are surveyed using double stratification. The survey records two classes of holdings (holdings with mother sows and without mother sows) and eight size classes (taking as a basis the capacity to accommodate mother sows or pigs for fattening). In order to improve the response rate, a replacement sample is drawn from the holdings in addition to the main sample.
All three surveys are carried out in selected regions. In regions with pig populations of less than 1 % of the total national population and in which pig keeping is less than 5 % of final agricultural output in the region, no surveys are carried out (based on the Agriflex principle). The areas concerned are as follows: Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque Provinces, the Madrid Region and the Canary Islands
The pig population which is not recorded in the survey is estimated from changes in the updated list of holdings and using various relevant information of an administrative nature.
The surveys are carried out through oral questioning of farmers by interviewers. As there is a main sample and a replacement sample, and in order to avoid sample losses, holdings in the main samples which cannot be reached are replaced by holdings in the replacement sample. If sample losses do however emerge, the raising coefficients are revised and, in any case, the sample frame is recalculated according to the replacement holdings and the relevant reasons for the replacement. Interviewing is the responsibility of the Sub-directorate-General for Agricultural and Food Statistics of the Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in cooperation with the Autonomous Communities (Regions) of the relevant agricultural statistical offices. The response rate is almost 100 %.
Spain has no medium-term plans (up to 2005) to replace statistical surveys on the pig population using administrative data.
Surveys on the number of cattle
Spain carries out two cattle surveys per annum, in June and December. The surveys record only the cattle population.
The surveys are sample surveys, with average sample survey errors which lie within the limits set down in the legal provisions of the European Union. The last full survey took place in 1986; however, the population continued to be recorded in the agricultural censuses and the structural surveys. At present, a livestock census with a reporting period of December 1996 has been completed. This livestock census is carried out independently of agricultural censuses and structural surveys. The sample surveys involve between 10 % and 15 % of the total cattle population. The surveys cover 7 000 holdings, representing 3.5 % of the total.
The agricultural census is used to draw up the list of all cattle keepers and this list is supplemented annually with information from administrative sources. This list provides the sample frame, on the basis of which the sample is drawn, from which the holdings are surveyed using double stratification. The survey records three classes of holdings (mainly dairy cow keepers and holdings which have mainly cows other than dairy cows, and holdings with calves for fattening) and ten size classes (taking as a basis the capacity to accommodate the relevant type of animal in each size class). In order to improve the response rate, a replacement sample is drawn from the holdings in addition to the main sample.
Both surveys are carried out in selected regions. In regions with cattle population of less than 1 % of the total national population and in which cattle keeping is less than 5 % of final agricultural output in the region, no surveys are carried out (based on the Agriflex principle). The regions concerned are as follows: Comunidad Valenciana, Murcia and the Canary Islands (the Murcia Region and the Canary Islands both carry out the survey).
The cattle population which is not recorded in the survey is estimated from changes in the updated list of holdings and using various relevant information of an administrative nature.
The surveys are carried out through oral questioning of farmers by interviewers. As the main sample and the replacement sample, and in order to avoid sample losses, holdings in the main samples which cannot be reached are replaced by holdings in the replacement sample. This sample surveys do however emerge, the raising coefficients are revised and in any case the sample frame is recalculated according to the replacement holdings and the relevant reasons for the replacement. Interviewing is the responsibility of the Sub-directorate General for Agricultural and Food Statistics of the Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in cooperation with the Autonomous Communities (regions) of the relevant agricultural statistical offices. The response rate is almost 100 %.
Spain has no medium-term plans (up to 2005) to replace statistical surveys on the cattle population using administrative data.
Surveys on the number of sheep and goats
Spain carries out annual surveys of the sheep and goat population, in December. These surveys are carried out jointly and no other types of animal are included in the surveys, i.e. the sheep and goat population are taken together but not in combination with any other type of animal.
The surveys are sample surveys, with average sample survey errors which lie within the limits set down in the legal provisions of the European Union. The last full survey took place in 1986; however, the population continued to be recorded in the agricultural censuses and the structural surveys. At present, a livestock census with a reporting period of December 1996 has been completed. This livestock census is carried out independently of agricultural censuses and structural surveys. The sample surveys involved between 10 % (for sheep) and 11 % (for goats) of the total population. As this is a joint survey, the sample covers 5 000 holdings per type of animal, representing 4.5 % of the total.
The agricultural census is used to draw up the list of all sheep and goat keepers and this list is supplemented annually with information from administrative sources. This list provides the sample frame, on the basis of which the sample is drawn and the holdings are surveyed using double stratification. The survey records three classes of holdings (mainly sheep keepers and holdings which have mainly goats, and holdings with sheep for fattening) and eight size classes (taking as a basis the capacity to accommodate the relevant type of animal in each size class). In order to improve the response rate, a replacement sample is drawn from the holdings in addition to the main sample.
The surveys are carried out in selected regions. In regions with sheep and goat population of less than 1 % of the total national population and in which sheep and goat keeping is less than 5 % of final agricultural output in the region, no surveys are carried out (based on the Agriflex principle). The areas concerned are as follows: Galicia, Asturias and Cantabria.
The sheep and goat population which is not recorded in the survey is estimated from changes in the updated list of holdings and using various relevant information of an administrative nature in this sector.
The surveys are carried out through oral questioning of farmers by interviewers. As the main sample and the replacement sample, and in order to avoid sample losses, holdings in the main samples which cannot be reached are replaced by holdings in the replacement sample. This sample surveys do however emerge, the raising coefficients are revised and in any case the sample frame is recalculated according to the replacement holdings and the relevant reasons for the replacement. Interviewing is the responsibility of the Sub-directorate General for Agricultural and Food Statistics of the Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in cooperation with the Autonomous Communities (regions) of the relevant agricultural statistical offices. The response rate is almost 100 %.
Spain has no medium-term plans (up to 2005) to replace statistical surveys on the sheep and goat population using administrative data.
Notes on the livestock surveys
Spain considers that the reporting periods for the livestock surveys of the individual types of animals should be combined in all the Member States of the European Union.
Statistics on slaughterings
The methodology of statistics on slaughterings which is described in this report is valid in Spain since 1991.
Spain produces monthly statistics on the carcass weight of animals which are slaughtered in slaughterhouses and whose meat is fit for human consumption; these statistics relate to the following: pigs in total, calves, heifers, cows, bulls, oxen, sheep in total, lambs and goats in total.
Availability of monthly data on slaughterings
Weight
A monthly survey is carried out using a sample of livestock slaughtering enterprises (slaughterhouses). The sample is drawn by the Autonomous Communities (regions). Slaughterhouses are included in the sample if - in relation to the individual Autonomous Communities - at least 70 % of total slaughterings of each type of animal are carried out in the slaughterhouse. The results are supplemented by slaughterings which are not carried out in the slaughterhouses (information from administrative sources and expert information).
Data on external trade in live animals
The external trade data are taken from the Spanish external trade statistics, compiled by the Aduanas e Impuestos Especiales (Department for Duties and Special Taxes) of the Spanish Tax Office (Agencia Tributaria).
Production forecasts (gross indigenous production)
Slaughter forecasts are produced; these are supplemented by forecasts for the external trade in livestock for slaughter. Two procedures are used to communicate slaughterings: the first procedure consists of analysing the time series for livestock slaughterings; this uses a statistical model with the values of the series, and time as an independent variable. The second procedure is based on the reproductive ability of mother animals based on the relationship between the mother animals at the end of the reporting period and slaughterings during the relevant period. Final forecasts are arrived at by combining these procedures.
Poultry statistics
As part of the monthly statistics on livestock slaughterings, monthly data are produced for slaughterings of poultry for slaughter (chicken, hens and other poultry). The forecasts draw on models based on egg breeding data.