VIENNA - Employment
High female activity rate
In 2000, 69.3% of the population was of working age, i.e. between 15 and 64 years old. Of the men in this age bracket, 83% were economically active, and the figure for women was 68%, making Vienna's female activity rate the second highest of all the Länder (just after Salzburg) at 5% above the national average. In 2000, the number of jobs was 840 300.
Agriculture and forestry accounted for just 0.5% of the economically active population by place of work in 2000. The figure for the secondary sector (18.7%) was one-third below the national average whilst the services sector had a proportionately higher share at 80.8%. Whilst 23% of all jobs in Austria were based in Vienna, the figure was 39% in real estate renting and business activities, 37% in financial intermediation, 31% in other communities and personal service activities and 27% in wholesale and retail trade.
One cause for concern is the industrial sector where the employment has shrunk by 24 800 or 14% between 1995 and 2000. That was the highest decrease concerning employment in this sector compared to the other regions. In 2000, the main activity in the secondary sector was manufacturing with 60% of the employment. However, with 35%, construction in Vienna had the highest share of employment in this sector compared to the other Bundesländer.
The number of jobs in the service sector has expanded by around 46 000 or 7% since 1995.
Centre of employment; large number of unemployed people with qualifications
The employment situation in Vienna is determined by the city's prime location at the intersection of various east-west and north-south axes and is now also increasingly influenced by the opening up of Eastern Europe. Vienna is eastern Austria's main centre of employment.
After falling for some 15 years or so, the population has recently started to rise again due to the high proportion of foreign nationals, and there has been a sharp increase in the number of daily commuters. Employment trends on the whole are not, however, particularly dynamic.
The annual average unemployment rate in 2001 was 4.9% (4.9% for both men and women), by far above the national average (internationally adapted rate). In comparison, the rate of unemployment in 1995 was 5.1% (4.7% for men and 5.4% for women). The April number of EU-harmonised unemployed people was over 39 000 (46% of whom were women), which means 1% decrease on 1995.
About 30% of Austria's unemployed live in Vienna, although it should be pointed out that with unemployment being counted at the place of residence, some, of the unemployment originating in Vienna is 'exported' to the municipalities where its commuters have their homes. In 2001, 85% of the unemployed persons were over 25 years old, against 83% in 1995. There was a relatively high level of long-term unemployment: 34% of the persons unemployed were concerned, the highest level in comparison with the other regions. The percentage of unemployed women is high.
The qualification of the economically-active persons has a wide range in Vienna. In 2001, the census showed that 26.9% of economically-active persons (by place of residence) had no more than an ISCED 2-degree (lower secondary level of education), that is above the national average. 13.5 % of the economically active persons had a degree of ISCED 5A (first stage of tertiary education, level 5A) and 6 (second stage of tertiary education), that is the highest value of all Bundesländer.
Earned income of women and men was over the national average
The result of the analyses of median gross monthly earnings in the NACE sections C, sub-sections DA to DN and sections E to K for employees was that the average gross monthly earnings for men employed in NACE section J financial intermediation and in sub-section DL (Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment) were with 3 705 EUR and 3 532 EUR very high in Wien. Women had the highest average gross monthly earnings in the sub-section DF (Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel) with 3 687 EUR. This was the only value of all Bundesländer over 3 000 for women. These highest salaries in most of the branches reflect the healthy situation of the Viennese labour market.
Only in one section, the section Hotels and restaurants, 50% or less of men earned with 1 267 EUR in average less than 1 800 EUR. The lowest average earning of women was also found in the section hotels and restaurants (1 164 EUR). In nine of 22 sections women earned more than 2 000 EUR per month. That is the highest value of all Bundesländer. In 18 sections the average earning of men was over 2 000 EUR and still in six sections more than 3 000 EUR.
In comparison with the national average, men were over the national average in 12 sections. The average earnings of women in Wien were over the national average in 18 sections.
The level of household income was the highest in Austria
The level of household net equivalence income in Wien was around 6.3% over the Austrian average. 50% of the households had an income of 18 160 EUR or less in the years 1999/00.
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